The results of various studies in different organizations show that, currently, methods and styles of staff training face various shortcomings and challenges and the effectiveness of training does not meet the expectations of stakeholders. Therefore, it seems that conventional approaches to pathology of training in organizations are not sufficient and this issue requires a more comprehensive and in-depth approach. This study was conducted in response to this necessity and its purpose was to present a new approach to the pathology of staff training in public organizations and to provide alternative solutions in this field. For this purpose, the method of casual layered analysis (CLA) has been used, which is based on the pathology of issues at different levels and the explanation of alternative solutions. The method of data collection and analysis was based on a qualitative and expert-oriented process (literature review, semi-structured interview and expert panel). Accordingly, the causes of the ineffectiveness of training methods and approaches in public organizations have been identified at four levels: litany, structure, discourse/worldview, and metaphor/myth. Based on this, alternatives have been proposed that can provide different scenarios for the future of staff training. The results of this study emphasize the development of training approaches based on storytelling that are rooted in Iranian literature, religion, art, and historical and mental backgrounds. In this regard, learning styles based on case studies, narrations, participatory workshops and new discourses in the field of human capital development provide a dynamic platform for improving training approaches in these organizations.

Future is intrinsically not predictable, nonetheless investigation of people’ s subjectivity in relation to future is a viable research agenda. It can be argued that our subjective perception of individual and social futures lays on the foundations for our decisions. Therefore, systematic analysis of the images of future, particularly those of the youth as the major owners of futures, is of paramount significance. This article is a fundamental research with a qualitative approach which tries to explore the images of the future among the educated youth. The data was collected through a series of semi-structured interviews and then analyzed using discourse analysis and causal layered analysis. The research findings indicated that the images can be thematically categorized into seven groups: 1. Historical monuments of the past; 2. The weight of the present time; 3. The road taken by the descendants; 4. Conjectures about the future; 5. The shadow of the society; 6. Regrets, inabilities and shortages; 7. Understanding the future. In order to truly decipher their subjectivity, causal layered analysis was used to extract and re-interpret the major and minor themes. The final results showed that the youth image of the future is a complex and multidimensional concept, and requires effective planning and deep cultural work to influence it.

In the period of urban inflation and the downturn of urban disruption, we are witnessing the confrontation of two complex systems of the earth: biosphere (land, sea and atmosphere) and technology of the earth (cities, industry, trade and government). On the one hand, today is faster than any other time of year and undergoes widespread developments. This widespread transformation, following a nonlinear process, creates many complexities and uncertainties that make it difficult to deal with. In such circumstances, we have found that urban planners and policymakers lack an efficient future-oriented approach that enables them to make imminent changes, prepare effectively for subsequent consequences, and address Overcome the intricate and confused intricacies. One of the most important reasons for this is the inefficiency of cognitive tools in current and current decision-making and planning. In many cases, a lack of understanding of the conditions and causes of phenomena as well as the adherence of the planning process to the stereotypical process can lead to numerous problems in the target planning community and failure to realize the plans. The causal layered analysis method is one of the most important and effective methods in the field of futures studies that seeks to combine and integrate empirical, interpretive, critical, and intra-operative perspectives. It offered a much deeper look into the causes of complex issues in the chaotic urban environment, and then made realistic decisions.

Background: Health is a fundamental issue in recent years, highlighting the importance of harmonizing the policies of any sector with health strategies. The present study aims to identify the socio-economic factors affecting health and to provide a cognitive map of the social determinants of health in Iran. Study Design: A retrospective cohort study. Methods: This study follows a developmental process with an exploratory sequential mixed methods approach. First, a meta-synthesis qualitative method determines the most critical health determinants by reviewing 54 studies from 2000 to 2019. Then, the fuzzy cognitive map (FCM) is drawn based on interviews with six experts to derive the causal relationships among the social determinants of population health in Iran. Results: Stage 1 introduces 170 factors as the health determinants, classified into four levels: individual, local, national, and global levels, with 7, 4, 13, and 3 branches, respectively. According to the causal relationships and the out-degree (od) index, the most effective factors are the economic system (18. 24), governance and policy-making (17. 13), and national policies (16. 93). According to the degree of centrality, these factors are the economic system (33. 27), health system (30. 37), and governance and policy-making (30. 15). Conclusion: Considering health as a complex and comprehensive system, the resulting FCM displays that the policies developed in other sectors than health are profoundly affecting population’, s health in Iran. Specifically, the comparative analysis of this research shows that policies regarding the economic system and people’, s livelihood are more effective than the policies regarding the health system itself on the population’, s health in Iran.

foresight in futures studies: Casual Layered Analysis (CLA) for challenges towards futures studies in Iran, foresight in futures studies: Casual Layered Analysis (CLA) for challenges towards futures studies in Iran, foresight in futures studies: Casual Layered Analysis (CLA) for challenges towards futures studies in Iran,foresight in futures studies: Casual Layered Analysis (CLA) for challenges towards futures studies in Iran, foresight in futures studies: Casual Layered Analysis (CLA) for challenges towards futures studies in Iran, foresight in futures studies: Casual Layered Analysis (CLA) for challenges towards futures studies in Iran, foresight in futures studies: Casual Layered Analysis (CLA) for challenges towards futures studies in Iran, foresight in futures studies: Casual Layered Analysis (CLA) for challenges towards futures studies in Iran,foresight in futures studies: Casual Layered Analysis (CLA) for challenges towards futures studies in Iran,foresight in futures studies: Casual Layered Analysis (CLA) for challenges towards futures studies in Iran,foresight in futures studies: Casual Layered Analysis (CLA) for challenges towards futures studies in Iran, foresight in futures studies: Casual Layered Analysis (CLA) for challenges towards futures studies in Iran.

It is well-known that “casual conditional” in Islamic logics has been used with two meanings: “specific conditional” and “general conditional”. However, viewing the works of the Muslim logicians, we find out that these two meanings of “casual conditional” have been interpreted in two various ways: each of the general and specific conditionals is sometimes interpreted as the condition of “non-necessity” and sometimes as without “condition of necessity”. We have named these two interpretations as “negatively conditioned casual” and “unconditioned casual”. On the other hand, we have indicated that there are examples in our great figures’ works of logics, which are not consistent with any of the above-mentioned meanings for “casual” and the only interpretation that can be presented of them is “material implication” and “truth-functional implication” referred to in modern logics. We have named this meaning as “most general casual”. In this article, we have found another meaning for casual conditional, which is used in natural language, but we do not find any reference to it in the earlier and contemporary works, and those are the casuals whose premise is false or impossible. Borrowing the idea of “verbal implication” from Khawja Nasir, we have named them “verbal casual”.

Introduction: The current research was done to provide an image and identity of the future of Iraqi professional football in order to improve the future of this sport.Methods: This research was applied in terms of purpose and qualitative in terms of data, which was carried out by combining the methods of theme analysis, layered analysis of causes and scenario creation by Dator's method. The participants included 18 Iraqi football experts.Results: The results showed that the most important options are the uncertainties that have a special value in the future of Iraqi professional football and the lack of policies based on infrastructure and their equipment. Disabilities show that they are afraid of failure and believe that they reach the violence of power in the layers of discourse and metaphor and myth and the lack of integrity and acceptance in strict laws and the lack of correct policies to the problems raised. All the factors identified in the solutions phase were confirmed by using research confirmation analysis in order to draw the scenario. The results of these findings are in four scenarios of fair competition, final death, multi-story cemetery, and 127 hours.Conclusion: The outlined scenarios will help policymakers and federation managers to change the identity and image of Iraqi professional football by creating a common language, developing political and cultural diplomacy, increasing professional sports ethics, and developing courage and justice.

In this study, a comprehensive meta-analysis was conducted using a random-effects model to examine the relationship between money supply and inflation and to address inconsistencies in previous research. The overall effect of money supply on inflation was estimated at 0/578, providing a broad measure of its impact. However, an assessment using a funnel plot and Egger's test revealed publication bias. To correct for this bias, the "trim and fill" method was applied, reducing the adjusted overall effect to 0/475. Additionally, meta-regression and subgroup analyses were performed to investigate moderating variables. The results showed that the effect of money supply on inflation differs across fixed and floating exchange rate regimes, time periods before and after 2000, and between static and dynamic models. These findings contribute to a clearer understanding of the impact of monetary and economic policies on inflation and provide a foundation for future research.